卷首语

《藏外佛教文献》每辑的卷首语为联系编者与读者的桥梁与介绍本辑主要内容的园地

首先谈一下什么叫「藏外佛教文献」

「藏」指佛教大藏经传统所谓「大藏经」专指汉文大藏经包括正藏与续藏它是我国汉文佛教典籍的总汇我国的汉文大藏经种类虽多仍有不少与佛教有关的文献散佚在藏外例如近代以来从梵文巴利语藏文蒙文等各种文字翻译的佛教典籍敦煌藏经洞保存的大量佛教典籍各地图书馆博物馆保存的未为历代大藏经所收的古代佛教典籍正史地方史志丛书类书个人文集中保存的佛教资料与佛教有关的金石资料近现代的佛教著作与资料上述种种均可称为「藏外佛教文献」文献是文化的主要载体之一佛教文献是佛教文化的主要载体之一所以已经入藏的典籍固然重要散佚在藏外的文献也不容忽视必须认真加以整理应该说明的是历代正藏均经多次校勘一般质量较高而续藏所收典籍往往有较大随意性且缺乏版本的精选与校勘颇有文字错讹等情因此有的典籍虽然已经为某续藏所收但如果新發现的传本比已入藏本更加完善则也应该成为整理的对象

现在尚流传于世界且自成体系的佛教大藏经主要有三种南传巴利语三藏汉文大藏经藏文甘殊尔丹殊尔梵文佛典虽仍有留存且近年来不断有新的梵文佛典被發现但大抵均为单部残页虽然它的研究价值不能低估但毕竟已不足成为完整的大藏另外中国还保存有完整的傣文大藏经蒙文大藏经满文大藏经出土不少残缺不全的西夏文大藏经但上述佛藏基本是从前述三种主要的佛藏转译的因此巴利语三藏汉文大藏经及藏文甘殊尔丹殊尔等三种佛藏在佛教研究中的意义和价值是不言自明的

就上述三种主要的佛藏而言汉文大藏经所收经籍的数量最多其经籍所涉及的时代跨度最大地区涵盖面最广所包容的佛教派別也最多因此巴利语及藏文佛藏固然有其不可替代的独特的研究价值汉文大藏经的价值显然更值得人们重视

近代以来西方的佛教学者大抵沿著巴利语佛典——梵文佛典——藏文佛典这么一条路线来展开佛教研究从事汉文佛典研究的人相对来说较少这种情况与汉文佛典本身的价值相比很不相称所以形成这么一种局面除了其它种种原因外语言的障碍及对汉文大藏经及其价值不甚了解大约也是重要因素现在有的学者已开始注意到这一问题中外都有学者在呼吁并从事汉文佛典的英译工作我深信更多的人会越来越认识到汉文佛典的重要价值从而对它展开深入的研究而汉文大藏经也会在这一过程中为人类文化的重建与發展作出它应有的贡献

如果我们把目前还散佚在藏外的佛教文献也侭量收集整理出来并收归入藏则汉文大藏经将对佛教的發展与研究对人类文化作出更大的贡献

这就是《藏外佛教文献》的宗旨愿意与所有关心此事的人士共勉

其次介绍《藏外佛教文献》第一辑的主要内容

第一辑的「敦煌禅籍」专栏刊登了四篇新發现的敦煌禅文献

《天竺国菩提达摩禅师论》《禅策问答》《息诤论》依次抄写在同一敦煌写卷上其中《禅策问答》通过三十道问答论述了修禅的许多具体问题《息诤论》则著重说明真如佛性具在心中故而解不外凭反对祇知追求经论诤论道理的学风它们均系最新發现并首次公布我认为它们都是北宗禅的著作很可能属于义福一系读者可以通过它们进一步增加对北宗禅的了解《天竺国菩提达摩禅师论》托名禅宗初祖达摩论述禅门之法刊布在这裡的是一个新發现的写本与保存在法国伯希和敦煌特藏中的同名异本相比它的结尾部分多出一段从而给人们带来一些新的信息

第一辑的「密教典籍」专栏刊登印度密教文献一篇为《八种粗重犯堕》该文献作者不详托名马鸣著共论述密教戒律八条该文献系在西夏故地發现对研究西夏佛教有一定的价值

第一辑的「三藏注疏」专栏刊登经律论疏各一篇

《天请问经疏》是唐代著名僧人文轨的作品《大正藏》收入了该疏的一个残本这裡刊布的则是一个完整的校订本

《行事钞中分门图录》是对唐释道宣《四分律行事钞》的科分原卷采用图示式故名刊布时限于条件改为提纲式该文献亦为最新發现与首次刊布

《阿毗达磨俱舍论实义疏》的作者安慧是印度佛教著名的「十大论师」之一该疏主要反驳众贤《顺正理论》对世亲《俱舍论》的批评是反映六世纪上半叶印度佛教的重要著作这部著作何时由何人译为汉文在我国经录中没有记载《大正藏》收入了依据法国伯希和特藏录文的节抄本这裡刊布的则是该疏卷三的全文这个写本在敦煌發现后曾经一度流散民间后为北京图书馆收藏最近我们在北图另行收藏的敦煌遗书残片中發现了这个民间流散本缺失的卷首部分使该卷得以复原实为幸事敦煌遗书中有该《实义疏》的回鹘文译本两者可以參照

第一辑的「疑偽经」专栏刊布了敦煌疑偽经八篇这些疑偽经大多为首次公布有些以前虽然也曾有人發表但这次均根据诸种写本重新校勘或改正错误或补正残缺应该说明所谓「疑偽经」是一个很复杂的概念其中不少经典并非如人们所想像的是中国人的作品这个问题需要在今后作专题论述

《佛为心王菩萨说头陀经》是一部对禅宗有著重大影响的经典关于它的作者及产生年代目前均不清楚以前人们已经知道它有两个汉文残本与一个粟特文残本两种文字的写本内容互不相同本辑刊布的则是汉文全本使得粟特文本有了一个可靠的參照本汉文全本并附有注疏可以预见本文献的刊布不但对禅宗研究而且对粟特文研究均会产生积极的作用

《佛说孝顺子修行成佛经》与《最妙胜定经》被传统经录称为疑偽经但人们可以从本辑刊布的经文看到它们实际都是域外传入而非中国人撰述《水月观音经》反映了中国佛教的观音崇拜《金刚经纂》反映了中国佛教的经典崇拜《大方广华严十恶品经》则是南北朝中国佛教断肉食素运动的产物由于疑偽经多在民间流传缺乏整理故容易产生诸种异本本辑刊布的《天公经》有三种异本《佛母经》有四种异本就反映了这方面的情况

第一辑的「研究论文」专栏發表论文一篇

《关于〈禅藏〉与敦煌禅籍的若干问题》认为唐宗密的确编辑过《禅藏》在对《禅藏》进行考察与对敦煌禅籍现状进行分析之后文章指出宗密《禅藏》的相当一部分被保存在敦煌禅籍中根据敦煌禅籍复原《禅藏》是可能的这必将揭开禅宗研究的新篇章

最后是几点希望

《藏外佛教文献》是一枝刚刚抽条的幼芽迫切希望得到如下各种支持

衷心希望读者对我们的文献整理工作包括篇目的确定底校本的选择辨字录文校勘注记分段标点题解说明等各个方面提出认真的批评以把藏外佛教文献的整理工作做得更好

藏外佛教文献散佚在各地收集极为不易衷心希望各界人士能够提供各种尚未入藏的佛教文献的信息与资料无论片纸只字均不胜感谢凡提供的底校本被采用者一律刊布功德芳名并致酬示谢如有投稿者更无任欢迎详见《征稿启事》

《藏外佛教文献》没有经济来源第一辑赖中国佛教文化研究所与香港志莲净苑的支持得以起步不胜感荷甚望诸方有识之士慨施净财共襄厥业

Foreword

The foreword to each volume of Buddhist Texts Not Contained in the Tripitaka acts as a bridge between the editors and the readers and introduces the readers to the main contents of the respective volume.

Let us first of all talk about what it means by Buddhist Texts Not Contained in the Tripitaka.

The "Collection" means the Great Collection of the Scriptures of Buddhism (Fojiao Dazangjing, Tripitaka). What traditionally is called "Dazangjing" means specifically the Chinese Tripitaka, including the Main Collection (Zheng Zang) and the Supplementary Collection (Xu Zang). It constitutes the comprehensive compilation of Buddhist texts in Chinese. Although there are many kinds of Chinese Tripitaka in our country, there still are many texts which have something to do with Buddhism. They are found elsewhere and are outside the Tripitaka. Here we find, for example: all kinds of Buddhist scriptures translated in modern times from Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, Mongolian, etc.; a great amount of Buddhist texts from the Dunhuang Scripture Cave; ancient Buddhist texts which are kept in various libraries and museums and have not yet been included in the Tripitakas of the various eras; Buddhist materials preserved in dynastic histories, local gazetteers, classified reference books and collected works of individual persons; materials on stone and bronze inscriptions; Buddhist works and materials of recent dates. All the above-mentioned works can be called Buddhist Texts Not Contained in the Tripitaka. Literature is one of the main carriers of culture, and Buddhist literature is one of the main carriers of Buddhist culture. The texts already contained in the collections are, of course, very important; however, also the literary contributions not yet contained in the Tripitaka should not be overlooked, but must be carefully edited. What has to be stated clearly is, that after the often repeated critical work applied to them, the quality of the texts in the Main Collection of the various eras is generally rather high; on the contrary, works included in the Supplementary Collection are often of a rather arbitrary nature, they lack a careful selection and text critical work, and often they have wrong characters. Therefore, although some texts have already been included in some supplementary collections, if the quality of newly discovered texts is higher than that of texts already contained in the Tripitaka, this should also be an objective of our editorial work.

There are now three main current versions of the Buddhist Canon: the Pali Canon of the southern tradition, the Chinese version of the Tripitaka, and the Tibetan Kanjur and Tanjur. Some Sanskrit Buddhist texts are extant, and recently there are constant new discoveries of Sanskrit texts, but they are in general mutilated leaves of particular units. Although their value for research cannot be underestimated, they do not amount to a complete Tripitaka. Furthermore, in China there still are complete Tripitakas in the Dai language, in Mongolian, in Manchu, and many incomplete parts of the Tripitaka in the Tangut language which have been unearthed. However, the above-mentioned Buddhist collections are basically all derived and translated from the before-mentioned three main versions of the Buddhist collections. The meaning and value for Buddhist research of the Pali Tripitaka, the Chinese versions of the Tripitaka and the Tibetan Kanjur and Tanjur are therefore self-evident.

Talking only about the above-mentioned three main collections of the Buddhist scriptures, the Chinese Tripitaka contained the greatest number of scriptures, the extent of time to which the texts belong is the longest, the territory they cover is the vastest, the Buddhist schools they represent are the most. Therefore, although the Pali Canon and the Tibetan Buddhist Canon retain their irreplaceable and unique value for research, the Chinese version of the Tripitaka evidently deserves men's even more attention.

In modern times, developing their Buddhist research, Buddhist scholars in the West generally focus their attention on a sequence of Pali Canon — Sanskrit Buddhist texts — Tibetan Buddhist texts. Scholars devoted to research of Chinese Buddhist texts are relatively few. Such a situation, compared with the value of the Chinese Buddhist texts themselves, is rather unbalanced. The reason for such a state, apart from many other causes, might be the obstacle of the language and lack of understanding for the Chinese Tripitaka and of its value. Now many scholars have begun to pay attention to this problem, and there are many Chinese and foreign scholars who call for and devote themselves to the translation of Chinese Buddhist texts into English. I am deeply convinced that many more people will come to an ever deeper understanding of the value of the Chinese Buddhist texts and develop penetrating research into them. And the Chinese Tripitaka will in this process offer its due contribution to the reconstruction and development of mankind's culture.

If we endeavour to collect and edit, as far as possible, the literary contributions of Buddhism which still are lying scattered outside the collection of Buddhist scriptures, and if we add them to the collection, the Chinese Tripitaka will in future offer an even much greater contribution to the development and research of Buddhism and to the culture of mankind.

This, then, is the goal of Buddhist Texts Not Contained in the Tripitaka. Let us editors and all who are concerned with this matter encourage each other in our endeavours.

Next let me introduce the main contents of the first number of Buddhist Texts Not Contained in the Tripitaka.

The column "Chan Texts from Dunhuang" of the first number brings four newly discovered Chan texts from Dunhuang: Tianzhuguo Putidamo Chanshi Lun, Chance Wenda, and Xizheng Lun are copied in sequence on one roll of Dunhuang writings. The Chance Wenda explains through thirty questions and answers many concrete questions of Chan practice; Xizheng Lun explains emphatically that the true Buddhata is within the mind, and therefore cannot be understood as taking recourse to what is external to it; it is opposed to a style of study which only knows how to seek great knowledge of and critical inquisition into truth. These texts have all been discovered quite recently and are being published for the first time. I think that they are all works of the Northern Chan School, most probably in the line of Yi Fu. Through them the reader can advance in his understanding of the Northern Chan School. Under the name of Dharma, the first patriarch of the Chan School, the Tianzhuguo Putidamo Chanshi Lun discusses the method of the Chan School. What is published here is a newly discovered manuscript; compared with another book of the same name in Pelliot's special collection of Dunhuang preserved in France, its ending has another paragraph and gives us some more new information.

The column "Esoteric Texts" of the first number brings a text from the Indian Esoteric Buddhism, the Ba Zhong Cu Zhong Fan Duo. The author of this text is unknown, it is, however, ascribed to Ashvagosha. It discusses eight points of the Vinaya of Esoteric Buddhism. The text belongs to the ones discovered in the old sites (Heicheng) of Xixia and has its value for the study of Tangut Buddhism.

The section "Commentaries on the Tripitaka" brings a text each from commentaries to the sutras and the vinayas:

Tian Qing Wen Jing Shu is a work by the famous Tang monk Wengui. The Taisho Daizokyo has included a mutilated copy of this commentary. Here we publish a complete and corrected copy.

Xing Shi Chao Zhong Fen Men Tu Lu is an outline for the Si Fen Lu Xing Shi Chao of the Tang monk Shi Daoxuan. The original book had used graphical representations, which explains the name. Their publication being hampered by given conditions, it is changed to the form of an outline.

Anhui, the author of A Pi Da Mo Ju She Lun Shi Yi Shu, is one of the famous "ten great shastra masters" of Indian Buddhism. In the main it is a refutation of the criticism of Samghabhadra in his Shun Zheng Li Lun against Vasubandhu's Abhidharma Kosa Sastra and reflects a main work of Indian Buddhism of the second half of the 6th century. There is no mention in the sutra catalogues of our country on the time when this work was written or who translated it into Chinese. Taisho Daizokyo has included a partial copy based upon Pelliot's special collection. What we publish here is the complete third volume of the said commentary. The present manuscript had wandered around among people for a while since its discovery in Dunhuang is finally kept in the Beijing Library. When lately we checked another bunch of book fragments from Dunhuang at the Beijing Library, we discovered the first missing part of this book, which enabled us to reconstruct the original, a really lucky event. Among the extant Dunhuang books there is a Uighur version of this Shi Yi Shu, so that the two can be compared.

In the section "Doubtful and Spurious Works" of the first number are published eight doubtful and spurious works from Dunhuang. Most of these doubtful and spurious works are published for the first time. Although some had been published earlier by somebody, this time they all have been critically revised according to the various kinds of manuscripts, wrong characters have been emended or lacking parts added. We must say that "Doubtful and Spurious Sutras" is a very complicated concept. Many among them are no products of Chinese as one might imagine. This question later on has to become the subject of a special debate.

Fo Wei Xin Wang Pu Sa Shuo Tou Tuo Jing is a work which has had great influence on the Chan School. At the moment there is no information on its author or the time of its composition. Earlier we knew already that there were two mutilated Chinese and one mutilated Sogdian copy, and that the contents of the manuscripts in the two languages did not correspond to each other. The publication in the present number is a complete Chinese version which allows the Sogdian version to have a reliable work for comparison. The Chinese copy has notes and commentary added. It can be expected that the publication of the present text will be of great use not only for the study of the Chan School, but also for study of Soghdian.

Fo Shuo Xiao Shun Zi Xiu Xing Cheng Fo Jing and Zui Miao Sheng Ding Jing are classified as doubtful and spurious sutras by the traditional sutra catalogues. But from the texts published in the present number people will see that they all have been brought into China from outside and have not been written by Chinese. Shui Yue Guan Yin Jing reflects the worship of Guanyin in Chinese Buddhism; Jing Gang Jing Zuan reflects the worship of sutras in Chinese Buddhism; the Da Fang Guang Hua Yan Shi E Pin Jing is a product of the vegetarian movement of Chinese Buddhism during the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Since doubtful and spurious works have mostly circulated among the people and there was no authoritative editing, it was easy for various different versions to appear. The Tian Gong Jing which we publish here has three different versions, the Fo Mu Jing has four different versions, which reflects the situation in this regard.

The section "Research Papers" brings one articles:

The article "Some Problems Concerning the Chan Zang and the Chan Writings from Dunhuang" assumes that the Chan Zang has effectively been composed by the Tang monk Zongmi. After an inquisition into the Chan Zang and an analysis of the present condition of the Dunhuang Chan writings the article points out that considerable part of Zongmi's Chan Zang has been preserved in the Chan writings of Dunhuang and that it is possible to reconstruct the Chan Zang according to the Chan Writings of Dunhuang. This will certainly open a new chapter in our research into Chan Buddhism.

Finally some desiderata. Buddhist Texts Not Contained in the Tripitaka is a tender sprout which has just sprung up and urgently hopes to find such support as follows:

We earnestly hope that the readers will voice honest criticism concerning our editorial work, including the definition of chapter headings, the choice of the master copies, discussion of characters, notes on textual criticism, segmentation and punctuation, explanatory notes on the background of the works, and other questions. In this way the work of Buddhist texts not included in the Tripitaka will be done in an even better way.

Buddhist works not included in the Tripitaka are scattered everywhere, and it is extremely difficult to collect them. We earnestly hope that people everywhere will come up with information and material on Buddhist texts which are not yet included in the Tripitaka; we will be deeply grateful even for just a short note. Anyone who contributes a master copy to be used will be mentioned by name and receive our deepest thanks. The sincerest thanks will go to anybody who will submit an article for publication. For details see Guidelines on Submitting Articles.

Buddhist Texts Not Included in the Tripitaka has no financial resources of its own. We are very grateful to the Institute of Chinese Buddhist Culture and the Zhi Lian Jing Yuan from Hong Kong for their kind support to the publication of this very first book. We hope that all men of insight could generously fund the publication of the next number of the same book.

卷首の语り

《藏外佛教文献》の一辑每に「卷首の语り」というのは编者が读者と连络をとるための桥渡しであり本辑の主な内容を绍介する本据でもある

先ず「藏外佛教文献」とは何であるかについて话しておく

「藏」は佛教の大藏经を指すことである传统の上から「大藏经」と呼ばれたものは专ら汉文大藏经中には正藏と续藏も含めていることを指して言うのでありそれは我が国の汉文佛教文献の总揽てあつた汉文大藏经の种类が多くと虽も佛教にかかわる文献が散佚して「大藏经」に收まらないものが少なくない例えば近代以来サンスクリツトパ—リチベツトモンコル文など原文から翻译された大量の佛教典籍各地の图书馆博物馆が保存されている古代の佛教典籍正史地方史志丛书类书个人文集に保存された佛教典籍佛教に关连する金石资料近现代の佛教著作と资料などこれらのものが未だに历代の大藏经の中を入れていないものがたくさんありこれら种种样样なものはすべて「藏外佛教文献」と称すべきである文献なるものは文化の主な载せる机关の一つであり佛教文献も佛教文化の主な载せる机关の一つであるすでに藏经にはいる典籍は固より重要だが散逸して藏经以外にある文献も忽视するわけにはいかない真剑に整理を加える必要がある说明すべきことは历代の正藏は悉く几度も校订をへて概して质がより高いが续藏の收まるところの典籍は往往にしてより强い随意的で且つ版本の精选と校订とに欠けたもので文字の误谬などもあるそこである典籍がある续藏にとりいれられたど虽ももし新發现の传本のほうが藏经本に比べて更に完璧だとすればやつぱり整理の对像となるわけである

现在なお世界に流传され且つ自ら体系となる主な佛教大藏经は三种あり即ち南传パ—リ三藏汉文大藏经チベツトのガンスウ—ルとダンスウ—ルはそれであるサンスクリツトの佛典は残存されるものがあり且つ近年以来引续きサンスクリツトの佛典が见附けられたがたいてい皆单部あるいは残叶でその研究价值が过小视してはいけないが毕竟するに完璧の大藏となることは足ないそして中国はまた完全な傣文の大藏经モンコル文の大藏经满洲文の大藏经数少なからず出土した西夏文大藏经などを保存しておりもつとも上述した佛藏は主に前述した三类主要な佛藏より转译したものであるからパ—リ三藏汉文大藏经チベツトのガンスウ—ルとダンスウ—ルなどの三种类の佛藏は佛教研究での意义と价值が言わなくても明らかである

上述の三种类主な佛藏について言うと汉文大藏经が收录された经典の数が最も多くその经籍が时代を及ぼすところの跨る间隔も最も长く地区を包括する幅も最も广くそのうえ包括する佛教派別も最も多いわけである从つてパ—リ及チベツトの佛藏は固より挂替できない独特な研究价值を持つているけれども汉文大藏经は尚更人人の重视に值することも明らかである

近年以来西方の佛教学者が大抵パ—リの佛典サンスクリツトの佛典チベツトの佛典というコ—スを沿つて研究をくりひろげており专ら汉文佛典研究にたずさわる人が相对的に数は少ないこのような实状では汉文佛典そのものの价值に比べて极めてふさわしくないこうした局面を致すのは別の诸诸な原因を除く外言叶の妨げ并び汉文大藏经とその价值に对してはあまりはつきりしないことも恐らく重要な因素であろう今はこの问题についてある学者が注意しはじめ中国も外国も汉文佛典の英译に从事してくるように呼びかけしていました更により多くの人がますます汉文佛典の重要价值を认识し从つてそれに深く研究をくりひろげ汉文大藏经もきつとこの过程を通じて人类文化の创り直すこととその發展にあり得べき贡献を作り出すこと深く信じております

さしあたりもしも私たちができ得る限り散逸した藏外にある佛教文献をかき集めて整理を加えそして大藏经にとりいれられるべきものを大藏经に收まらせたら汉文大藏经は将に佛教の發展と研究そして人类文化の發展には更に大いに役割を果すことになると思う

これは《藏外佛教文献》の目的であり冀くはこのことに关心を持つ方と励みあつて努力したいと愿い申上げます

其の次《藏外佛教文献》第一辑の主要内容を绍介します

第一辑の「敦煌禅籍」の专栏には敦煌禅文献四篇の新發现したものを刊行した

《天竺国菩提达摩禅师论》《禅策问答》《息诤论》などが顺番に同じの敦煌写卷の上にうつした中の《禅策问答》が三十题の问答を通じて禅の修持についての数多くの具体的问题を论述し《息诤论》では真如佛性は俱く心中にある故外へ凭れば理解できず经论ばかりを目ざして理论だけを追求しようとする诤论の学风には反对の立场に立つこれらは皆最新の發现であり初めての刊行である私がこれみな北宗禅の著作で义福の系统するものの可能性が多いと思う读者はこれらを通じて北宗禅に对する了解を一步深められるに违いないと思う《天竺国菩提达摩禅师论》は禅宗の初祖达摩の名を托して禅门の法を论したここに刊布したものは一つに新發现の写本でありフランスのペリオ敦煌本にある同名异本に比べて终卷部分には一段の余裕が出てくるので人人に新しい消息をもたらしてきたのである

第一辑の「密教典籍」の专栏に刊布された印度密教文献一篇は《八种粗重犯堕》である文献の作者は详しからず马鸣という名を托して书いたものをあわせて密教戒律の八条を论述した当文献は西夏文献であるので西夏佛教を研究するのにすいぶん价值あるものと认められる

第一辑の「三藏注疏」专栏には经律论疏各各一篇を刊行した

《天请问经疏》は唐代名僧文轨の作品で《大正藏》には当疏の一残本が编入されここに刊布したものは完全な校订本の一本である

《行事钞中分门图录》は唐代释道宣《四分律行事钞》の科分で原卷は图で示す格式を采用する故そう名付けた刊行した当时は条件に限られ要点をとり举げ纲领式にしたこの文献も最新の發现と初めての刊行である

《阿毗达磨俱舍论实义疏》の作者安慧が印度著名な「十大论师」の一人で当疏は主に众贤が《顺正理论》を持つて世亲の《俱舍论》を批判することに对する反驳であり六世纪前半の印度佛教を反映する重要な著作であつたいつだれによつて汉文に译されたのが我が国の经录の中に记录していなかつた《大正藏》ではペりオ敦煌本にある当疏の节录本を揭载していたがここに刊行するのが当疏の卷三の全文である敦煌文献の中にまだ当疏のウイグル文译本があり两者を參照すれば良い

第一辑の「疑偽经」专栏には敦煌疑偽经八篇を發表これらの疑偽经は初めて發表したものが多く以前もう發表したものもあるが今回は皆诸诸の写本の新たな校订によるもの误谬を正したり残缺を补つたりした申すべきことは所谓「疑偽经」なるものはその概念が复杂で就中かなりの经典が决して人人の想像したような中国人の作品ではない今后の专著でこの问题を论述する必要がある

《佛为心王菩萨说头陀经》は禅宗に对して重大な影响を有する经典であるが作者と著作の作成年代が尚はつきりしない汉文残本残本二点とソグト残本一点があるということはよく知られていつたが今度新しい發现の三点の全本をあわせて完全の校订本を發表した校订本はソグト本をして一つの当になる參照本とならしめ且つ全本に注疏もつけてある当文献の开行は予想すべく禅宗研究にだけでなくソグト文研究に对しても积极的影响をもたらすのである

《佛说孝顺子修行成佛经》と《最妙胜定经》が传统的经录に疑偽经と呼ばれているものであるが人人は本辑の经文からも见られるようにそれらもみな域外の传入で中国人の撰述ではない

《水月观音经》は中国佛教の观音に对する崇拜を反映するものであり《金刚经纂》は中国佛教の经典崇拜を反映する《大方广华严十恶品经》では南北朝时代における中国佛教禁肉食素运动の产物である疑偽经はたいてい民间で流传したもの整理に欠缺するので诸诸の异本が出やすいこと本辑で刊行した《天公经》は三种类の异本あり《佛母经》は四种类の异本があるこれなどはこの方面の实情の反映である

第一辑の「研究论文」专栏には论文一篇を發表した

《〈禅藏〉と敦煌禅籍についての若干问题》では唐の宗密が确かに《禅藏》を编集したことがある《禅藏》を考察しまた敦煌禅籍の现状に对して分析を加えた后文章は更に宗密の《禅宗》はかなりの部分が敦煌禅籍の中に保存されており敦煌禅籍をふまえて《禅藏》を复元しても可能であると认めるこれは新しい禅宗研究の篇章を世に揭示されることに违いない

最后には几点の望みである

《藏外佛教文献》は枝に萌生えばかりの芽のようなもので以下のいろいろ支持を得たいのが紧迫である

皆样にはわれわれ文献整理や篇目の确定を含め底校订本の选择字をわきまえ录文校订と注记段落を分け句读を切ること乃至题解と说明など各方面にわたつて真剑に批评を作つてもらいたいよつて藏外の佛教文献の整理をよくよくなし遂げられるよう愿い申上げる

藏外佛教文献は各地に散逸した故かき集めることも颇る难事となる冀くは各界の皆样これから诸诸のまだに佛教文献に编入していない消息や资料など片纸只字であつも良いどうか提供できるよう诚に感谢にたえない底本を提供して顶き采用されていつた方には一律に功德と芳名を刊布しお礼も差し上げて感谢の意を表する投稿してくれる者に对して何よりも欢迎である「投稿约束御中」に详しく參考

《藏外佛教文献》は收入の源がない第一辑は中国佛教文化研究所と香港の志莲净苑の御支持を得てこそ步きはじめ感谢して堪えない各方面有识の士慨然と净财を施し共に厥の业を襄けられますようお礼を申上げる


校注

[A1] 系【CB】系【藏外】
[A2] 像【CB】象【藏外】
[A3] 征【CB】征【藏外】
[A4] Scriptures【CB】Sprictures【藏外】
[A5] gazetteers【CB】gazeteers【藏外】
[A6] contained【CB】containes【藏外】
[A7] short【CB】schort【藏外】
[A8] publication【CB】pubilication【藏外】
[A9] 像【CB】象【藏外】

内容源自:漢文大藏經,繁转简后提供

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